Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Part Five Chapter X

X Gavin was wearing sunglasses against the glare of the morning sun, but that was no disguise: Samantha Mollison was sure to recognize his car. When he caught sight of her, striding along the pavement alone with her hands in her pockets and her head down, Gavin made a sharp left turn, and instead of continuing along the road to Mary's, crossed the old stone bridge, and parked up a side lane on the other side of the river. He did not want Samantha to see him parking outside Mary's house. It did not matter on work days, when he wore a suit and carried a briefcase; it had not mattered before he had admitted to himself what he felt about Mary, but it mattered now. In any case, the morning was glorious and a walk bought him time. Still keeping my options open, he thought, as he crossed the bridge on foot. There was a small boy sitting by himself on a bench, eating sweets, below him. I don't have to say anything †¦ I'll play it by ear †¦ But his palms were wet. The thought of Gaia telling the Fairbrother twins that he was in love with their mother had haunted him all through a restless night. Mary seemed pleased to see him. ‘Where's your car?' she asked, peering over his shoulder. ‘Parked it down by the river,' he said. ‘Lovely morning. I fancied a walk, and then it occurred to me that I could mow the lawn if you – ‘ ‘Oh, Graham did it for me,' she said, ‘but that's so sweet of you. Come in and have a coffee.' She chatted as she moved around the kitchen. She was wearing old cut-off jeans and a T-shirt; they showed how thin she was, but her hair was shiny again, the way he usually thought of it. He could see the twin girls, lying out on the freshly mown lawn on a blanket, both with headphones in, listening to their iPods. ‘How are you?' Mary asked, sitting down beside him. He could not think why she sounded so concerned; then he remembered that he had found time to tell her, yesterday, during his brief visit, that he and Kay had split up. ‘I'm OK,' he said. ‘Probably for the best.' She smiled and patted his arm. ‘I heard last night,' he said, his mouth a little dry, ‘that you might be moving.' ‘News travels fast in Pagford,' she said. ‘It's just an idea. Theresa wants me to move back to Liverpool.' ‘And how do the kids feel about that?' ‘Well, I'd wait for the girls and Fergus to do their exams in June. Declan's not so much of a problem. I mean, none of us wants to leave †¦' She melted into tears in front of him, but he was so happy that he reached out to touch her delicate wrist. ‘Of course you don't †¦' ‘†¦ Barry's grave.' ‘Ah,' said Gavin, his happiness snuffed out like a candle. Mary wiped her streaming eyes on the back of her hand. Gavin found her a little morbid. His family cremated their dead. Barry's burial had only been the second he had ever attended, and he had hated everything about it. Gavin saw a grave purely as a marker for the place where a corpse was decomposing; a nasty thought, yet people took it into their heads to visit and bring flowers, as though it might yet recover. She had got up to get tissues. Outside on the lawn, the twins had switched to sharing a set of headphones, their heads bobbing up and down in time to the same song. ‘So Miles got Barry's seat,' she said. ‘I could hear the celebrations all the way up here last night.' ‘Well, it was Howard's †¦ yeah, that's right,' said Gavin. ‘And Pagford's nearly rid of the Fields,' she said. ‘Yeah, looks like it.' ‘And now Miles is on the council, it'll be easier to close Bellchapel,' she said. Gavin always had to remind himself what Bellchapel was; he had no interest in these issues at all. ‘Yeah, I suppose so.' ‘So everything Barry wanted is finished,' she said. Her tears had dried up, and the patches of high angry colour had returned to her cheeks. ‘I know,' he said. ‘It's really sad.' ‘I don't know,' she said, still flushed and angry. ‘Why should Pagford pick up the bills for the Fields? Barry only ever saw one side of it. He thought everyone in the Fields was like him. He thought Krystal Weedon was like him, but she wasn't. It never occurred to him that people in the Fields might be happy where they are.' ‘Yeah,' said Gavin, overjoyed that she disagreed with Barry, and feeling as if the shadow of his grave had lifted from between them, ‘I know what you mean. From all I've heard about Krystal Weedon – ‘ ‘She got more of his time and his attention than his own daughters,' said Mary. ‘And she never even gave a penny for his wreath. The girls told me. The whole rowing team chipped in, except Krystal. And she didn't come to his funeral, even, after all he'd done for her.' ‘Yeah, well, that shows – ‘ ‘I'm sorry, but I can't stop thinking about it all,' she said frenetically. ‘I can't stop thinking that he'd still want me to worry about bloody Krystal Weedon. I can't get past it. All the last day of his life, and he had a headache and he didn't do anything about it, writing that bloody article!' ‘I know,' said Gavin. ‘I know. I think,' he said, with a sense of putting his foot tentatively on an old rope bridge, ‘it's a bloke thing. Miles is the same. Samantha didn't want him to stand for the council, but he went ahead anyway. You know, some men really like a bit of power – ‘ ‘Barry wasn't in it for power,' said Mary, and Gavin hastily retreated. ‘No, no, Barry wasn't. He was in it for – ‘ ‘He couldn't help himself,' she said. ‘He thought everyone was like him, that if you gave them a hand they'd start bettering themselves.' ‘Yeah,' said Gavin, ‘but the point is, there are other people who could use a hand – people at home †¦' ‘Well, exactly!' said Mary, dissolving yet again into tears. ‘Mary,' said Gavin, leaving his chair, moving to her side (on the rope bridge now, with a sense of mingled panic and anticipation), ‘look †¦ it's really early †¦ I mean, it's far too soon †¦ but you'll meet someone else.' ‘At forty,' sobbed Mary, ‘with four children †¦' ‘Plenty of men,' he began, but that was no good; he would rather she did not think she had too many options. ‘The right man,' he corrected himself, ‘won't care that you've got kids. Anyway, they're such nice kids †¦ anyone would be glad to take them on.' ‘Oh, Gavin, you're so sweet,' she said, dabbing her eyes again. He put his arm around her, and she did not shrug it off. They stood without speaking while she blew her nose, and then he felt her tense to move away, and he said, ‘Mary †¦' ‘What?' ‘I've got to – Mary, I think I'm in love with you.' He knew for a few seconds the glorious pride of the skydiver who pushes off firm floor into limitless space. Then she pulled away. ‘Gavin. I – ‘ ‘I'm sorry,' he said, observing with alarm her repulsed expression. ‘I wanted you to hear it from me. I told Kay that's why I wanted to split up, and I was scared you'd hear it from someone else. I wouldn't have said anything for months. Years,' he added, trying to bring back her smile and the mood in which she found him sweet. But Mary was shaking her head, arms folded over her thin chest. ‘Gavin, I never, ever – ‘ ‘Forget I said anything,' he said foolishly. ‘Let's just forget it.' ‘I thought you understood,' she said. He gathered that he should have known that she was encased in the invisible armour of grief, and that it ought to have protected her. ‘I do understand,' he lied. ‘I wouldn't have told you, only – ‘ ‘Barry always said you fancied me,' said Mary. ‘I didn't,' he said frantically. ‘Gavin, I think you're such a nice man,' she said breathlessly. ‘But I don't – I mean, even if – ‘ ‘No,' he said loudly, trying to drown her out. ‘I understand. Listen, I'm going to go.' ‘There's no need †¦' But he almost hated her now. He had heard what she was trying to say: even if I weren't grieving for my husband, I wouldn't want you. His visit had been so brief that when Mary, slightly shaky, poured away his coffee it was still hot.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Paper – Sensory Marketing

English Paper Julien BECQUEVORT BAC 3 – Intermediate 1 2011-2012 English Paper Julien BECQUEVORT BAC 3 – Intermediate 1 2011-2012 The sensory marketing The sensory marketing Table of contents Introduction2 Sensory marketing2 Visual marketing4 Sound marketing5 Olfactory marketing6 Gustatory marketing7 Tactile marketing8 Personal opinion9 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 Introduction Even if one  does  not realize,  sensory marketing  is ubiquitous in  marketing campaigns and  it may explain  most of our  purchasing decisions. The soothing ambience  of a store,  pleasant odor  diffused,  attractive colors,†¦ can influence the customer’s decision.Sensory marketing can be defined as â€Å"a  marketing technique that  seeks  one or  more of the five senses of the consumer. Its aim is to  attract customers  by increasing  their welfare  in order to positively influence  their behavior  vis-a-vis a  product or a  point of sale†. To approach sensory marketing, I decided to begin by a short description of the topic. After, I will talk about the five types of sensory marketing : visual, sound, olfactory, gustatory and touch. To finish, I will expose you my personal opinion about the subject. Sensory marketingCompared with traditional marketing, the sensory marketing focuses more on the five senses : sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The sensory marketing creates around the product a multisensory atmosphere that boosts their attractiveness. According to specialists, the use of the five senses in a marketing campaign would allow companies to increase their sales by arousing customer’s emotions. Nowadays, with the growth of the supply for a product, it is very important for a company to differentiate itself from its competitors. We notice that more and more companies use the sensory marketing to do it.Despite the fact that Kotler stressed already in 1973 the importance of the atmosphere in a store, the sensory marketing has only really developed until the 2000’s. It is still a young aspect of the marketing strategies. But today, more and more marketing specialists attach importance to the sensory marketing because it is a great success. This success can be explained in two ways. On the one hand, sensory perception brings a comfortable feeling, a sense of reality that the consumer looks for because of the development of virtual in our society.On the other hand, the consumer looks for a sensorial experience with all senses and especially with a back to the nature in a context of increasing urbanization. But some specialists say it is unethical to play with people’s feeling and emotions in a commercial aim. In fact, the sensory marketing can be used in an abusive way, trying to manipulate the customer. However, it is not like â€Å"neuromarketing† that is completely unethical. This type of marketing consists in a study of the mechanisms of the br ain when it receives commercial stimuli.Professionals of marketing can adapt their advertising campaigns based on the results of the study. It’s difficult for consumers to not buy the product with this type of marketing. But concerning sensory marketing, if the consumer has been once fooled on a product because of a sensory marketing, he will not be fooled a second time. Today’s marketing would be a marketing based on the five senses at the same time. That is called â€Å"polysensorality† by the marketers. However, it’s really difficult to set up for most of products. Now, I will give you some concrete examples in order to better understand what the sensory marketing is.It would be interesting to diffuse a smell of hot chocolate in a chocolate department. This strategy, combined with an attractive visual aspect of the product, will guide the consumer towards the product. Moreover, tastings in stores can also increase the sales of the product. The consumer can be aware of the product’s quality, smell, texture, etc. Nature et Decouvertes is a pioneer among the sensory marketers. When we are in the store, all our senses are stimulated. For example, all the products are exposed and we can touch and test everyone. It is really entertaining for the clients.Concerning the smell, odours of essential oils are spread in the shop, and even outside of it. It makes the passers want to enter the store. Moreover, we can hear a relaxing music. People often buy a CD and essential oils to recreate this relaxing atmosphere at home. Nature et Decouvertes has well understood that the sensory marketing can increase purchases but also enhance the image of this brand. Visual marketing The visual marketing is used by the professionals of marketing since a lot of years. The beauty and the design have always been very important in the marketing.People are always looking for aesthetic. Colours and forms, department’s arrangements of a shop are im portant factors for the product’s success. It influences the consumers and triggers emotional reactions that play a role in the purchase decision. The sight is the most highlighted sense in a marketing campaign. The client has his first impression of a product, whatever it is, by the sight. Visual aspects are essential and sellers try to attract people thanks to the sight. For example, in an automobile showroom, everything is studied.The lighting, the colours and the positions of the cars can influence people who look for aestheticism. But the visual marketing has also evolved with new technologies. Nowadays, beautiful pictures are broadcasted on LCD or LED screens. In travel agencies, pictures of withe sand and blue seas scrolled on a screen and invite to evasion. People are more likely to push the door to enter the agency. Apple has also developed a strong visual marketing for its products. We can found the iPod, the MP3 players of Apple, in a wide range of colours.Before, the iMac was also available in different colours and the product was transparent in order to make the machine more pleasant. All the products of Apple are design and beautiful. Apple is specialized in the visual marketing because the brand has understood that the customer will choose more easily a product which is beautiful. Sound marketing The sound marketing is a recent side of the sensory marketing. Marketers have now understood that hearing is primordial in a communication campaign. The sound marketing must represent the brand and the product.It’s really important for a brand to have a specific music, a jingle or a voice which can allow people to identify the brand in question. Uncle Ben’s, U and Leclerc are linked to a specific voice that differentiates themselves from competitors. These voices play a role of jingle and the auditors recognize immediately the brand. Music is also used in stores and shops to sell a product. But it’s recent. Different studies have proven that music influence the perception of time and the customers stay longer and more easily in a store which trend music is played.According to these studies, a soft music, like classical music, encourages to stroll and relaxes the customers. The particular sound of a product is also used by producers hoping to differentiate it. For example, in the world of household electrical appliances, the sound of the buttons is different depending on the brand. But the most striking example is the engine’s sound of a Harley Davidson. No engine makes a noise similar to a Harley Davidson. This is one of the biggest selling points of the brand and it was studied during a long time by mechanics. Please, follow this link ttp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=31GBuRHxsDo&feature=fvwp&NR=1 Olfactory marketing Since more or less two decades, marketers have discovered that odour in an advertising campaign has a lot of influence on the purchase decisions of the customer. Before the 90â€℠¢s, this sense was totally put aside. It was very difficult to implement the olfactory marketing because the technologies did not permit it. Since few years, marketers have understood that the power of odours is something that they should not overlook as the olfactory memory is the most powerful.The olfactory marketing is very important to highlight a product or a brand. When we walk on the street, we can smell delicious odours coming from a restaurant, a bakery or store which sells coffee. All these odours attract the customers and trigger an emotional process that lost any sense of time. Customers like to go to shops and store where it smells good. It’s normal. Some brands like Nature et Decouvertes and Sephora have succeeded in attract the customer and the passers with odour. But olfactory marketing is not limited only to odours in shops and stores, it cans also be found within the products.For example, it’s important that a cosmetic cream smells good. In order to d ifferentiate their products from the others, it’s essential for a company to use different flavours. It’s the same for cleaning products. A lot of brands like Mr Propre, Carolin or Dreft use different scents for their cleaning products. These products do not only evoke cleanliness but also evoke evasion and pleasure thanks to the odours. A third example is the 3M company who has commercialized flavoured strawberry post – its. The target of this marketing’s type is essentially teenagers and especially young girls.However, olfactory marketing goes further and an odour diffuser, the â€Å"SmellBox†, was created to diffuse fragrances in a shop or a store. This box is connected to a computer and diffuses odours that are linked with the broadcasted pictures on the screen. Today, it is the most advanced application of the olfactory marketing. Gustatory marketing With this type of marketing, there are two possibilities  : either the consumer likes the pr oduct either he doesn’t like and doesn’t buy it. Taste marketing is often used in supermarkets where different brand representatives propose to taste new products.Clients appreciate this practice because they can judge the product for free. And this technique increases sales because people buy it after having tasted it so they don’t take a risk and know that they like it. Obviously, this marketing is usually used for food products. But there are some exceptions. Indeed, gustative marketing can be a good way to promote a product. For example, a jewelry demonstration accompanied by a chocolate fondue. Or we can also find candies in some stores. Moreover, gustative marketing is essential for toothpaste’s brands too.Today, the trend is traveling and people like new flavors of the world. There is a strong growth in sales of exotic spices and especially from Asia, very trendy at the moment. So, food industries have their gustative laboratories in order to taste new relishes depending on the trend and desires of consumers. Thus, this sort of marketing is not easy because we always have to adapt to the new flavors appreciated by people. So, there are gustatory trends that we have to follow all the time to satisfy customers. Tactile marketing This sort of marketing uses the touch to optimize sales of a product.This sense has more and more importance in communication campaigns, and professionals know it. Indeed, consumers need to touch the product in order to have a precise idea of its quality. For example, at the supermarket, customers like palpating fruits and vegetables and they think that they can evaluate their quality in this way. In fact, the touch creates a familiarity with the product. So, tactile marketing has a gigantic power and sellers have to use it in order to enhance sales. Moreover, people prefer going to a store which proposes to touch products, so this sort of marketing increase the number of clients.That’s why more and more enterprises look for textures appreciated by consumers. Today, for example, the trend is cashmere. Indeed, this textile inspires sweetness, comfort, protection, etc. As the touch refers to the qualities and functions of the product, the choice of the material and the form is essential. More the texture is successful, more consumers will want to buy it. We can well see this phenomenon in bedding store where people always lie on mattresses. Clients want to test the thickness and comfort, and prices become even less important. Food industries have also understood the advantages of this marketing.Children and teenagers like the combination of different textures as crunchy and sweet. For example, Danette created a new product to satisfy consumers : liquid chocolate accompanied by crunchy balls. We can also find chewing-gum crisps outside and liquids inside. Tactile marketing can also be applied for a service. Indeed, a hotel will be judged on the softness of the sheets, the thic kness of the towels, pillows’ quality, etc. If the client appreciates all of these things, he will have a good image of the hotel. So, the touch is a factor essential for product’s success. Personal opinionI have chosen this topic because I am really interested in the marketing sciences. I think that it is very important for a firm or a company to deeply understand how behave customers when they receive commercial stimuli. Otherwise, I would choose as master options marketing and management’s services. I hope that I will learn even more with the lecture of consumer’s behaviour. During my studies in management, we have seen lots of strategies and techniques to attract the customer to a product or service, but I think that the sensory marketing is the most interesting and is really booming.We can see more and more strategies of sensory marketing today. I think for example at the cover of the jam’s jars of Bonne Maman brand. The cover is squared with blue and white or red and white. Moreover, the writing on the label looks like handwriting. It really reminds jams of long ago. Another example is the development of the free distribution of new products in the street. When we walk on the street, we can see huge cars giving for example chocolate, cans of Coca-Cola, †¦ This is linked with gustatory marketing. Just yesterday, I went to a copy centre and the merchant had put an essential oil diffuser in the store.It was really nice to photocopy sheets in this atmosphere. Even if a copy centre does not need to use sensory marketing in order to attract customers, I think that it is a good initiative and it works. I will go back there to make photocopies. I think that more and more brand and retailers must use the sensory marketing. The customers asks for it, it is more sympathetic that our senses are requested when we do shopping or when we see an advertising. Moreover, studies and surveys have proved that the sensory marketing real ly influences the purchase decisions.It has to be developed by all the brands, if it is possible obviously. During the lectures of market research, we have seen lots of studies that showed that the marketing sensory has a lot of influence on consumers. For example, we have seen, supported by figures, that the purchases are more important if the music in the store is slow than fast. Moreover, if it is coupled with a nice odour, the amount of purchases is much more important. We have also learned that the light plays an important role in a restaurant. If the light is bright, the number of wine bottles purchased is higher than if the light is subdued.Per contra, the spent time in the restaurant and the amount of the bill is higher if the light is subdued. Recently, I have participated to a market research concerning the bookshop Libris Agora. We were asked during the study to analyse different odours that could be diffuse in the bookstore. It is typically a sensory marketing strategy. Personally, I am for a strong sensory marketing strategy. As I said before, it can attract lots of people to a store. For example, I like when trend and good music is played in a shop.I have already noticed that I stay more easily in a store where dance and electro music is played, maybe because I love this kind of music. Contrary to what my analysis says, I will never go to a store where classic music is broadcasted or maybe I will stay maximum five minutes. I think that it is because I am young and that does not attract me at all. Nevertheless, I can understand that people like this type of music and that classic music encourages people to stay longer in a store. One of the sensory marketing strategies that I like the most is the gustatory one.I really like to taste different products when I am at the supermarket or when I go to a fruit and vegetables seller. Usually, if the products are good, I put them in the cart. In order to further differentiate from the competition, brands a nd retailers should enhance their sensory marketing strategies. They should couple visual marketing with olfactory marketing, etc. However, the consumers must not receive too much sensory stimuli at once time. If it is the case, I think he feels oppressed and uncomfortable and he will certainly run away from the product or the store.Retailers have to find the right middle between the different strategies of sensory marketing. Moreover, the sensory marketing is not popular with everyone. I know some people who feel uncomfortable with odour of essential oils. I think that the big problem of the sensory marketing is to find the right settings in order to reach as many people as possible. Conclusion Throughout this report, I tried to explain what the sensory marketing is and how the five senses can play a role in the purchase decision. I also  tried to  give concrete examples  to  make this  report more understandable.We can see that in a context of an increasing supply, compa nies have to differentiate themselves from each other. It requires a very thorough marketing and more and more companies rely on sensory marketing to attract customers to their products. According to experts, marketing of tomorrow will be a â€Å"polysensory† marketing through which all senses of the consumer and prospect will be awakened. Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, this type of marketing is possible and some companies like Nature et Decouvertes use already this concept of â€Å"polysensority† marketing.The discipline of sensory marketing is now booming but it is very important to not oppress the customer with too much commercial and sensory stimuli. The sensory marketing must be carefully considered before being implemented. Bibliography http://marketing. oboulo. com/marketing-sensoriel-exemple-zara-h-m-killafornia-1 05054. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sense http://fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_sensoriel http://www. netpme. fr/marketing/704-marke ting-sensoriel. html http://www. journaldunet. com/management/dossiers/0606139marketing/cestquoi. shtml

Monday, July 29, 2019

Intro to Mgt Syst Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Mgt Syst - Assignment Example By instituting privacy policies in information systems, organizations can safeguard personal information of their employees and customers from access and manipulation by ill-motivated individuals. There are several human and technological protective measures that can be used to safeguard and enforce privacy in information systems. Some of the most operative and widely used mechanisms include encryption, data masking, and authentication. Kim and Solomon (2012) define encryption as the process of encoding information and/or messages in such a manner that only the authorized parties can access or read it. The process involves encrypting plaintext with an encryption algorithm to generate the cipher text that is only readable if decrypted. Therefore, any interceptor of the message cannot access it unless they provide the encryption key which is provided by the originator of the information (Kim & Solomon, 2012). Data masking, on the other hand, refer to the process of hiding the original data with random characters to prevent classified personal data from access by unauthorized persons (Rainer & Cegielski, 2012). Data masking aims at protecting the actual data by having a function al substitute when the real data is not required. Authentication is another measure that can be taken by determining whether something or someone is what he or she declares to be. Authentication in information systems is attained through the use of logon passwords and pin numbers (Kim & Solomon, 2012). There are several problems related to management information systems that arise from privacy of information. One of the most common problems is security breaches, which emanate as a result of hackers and viruses. Today, most organizations store their data on remote cloud servers accessible with a username and the appropriate password (Kim & Solomon, 2012). However, there is a higher risk of losing the data through viruses, hijackers, and wrong-minded

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Human Resource Training Class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Training Class - Assignment Example Performance assessment highlights both deficiencies and strengths as well. For a retail business especially selling products also through the online method, the role of customer support service becomes highly critical and important as well. It is critical in the sense that the most customers use telephone service for registering their complaints or receiving additional required information relating to purchase of specific products. And it is important in the sense that it leads to increase or decrease sales volume. Five essential ways that highlight and justify the needs assessment for evaluating performance of support service are: frequent similar complaints, unfriendly behavior towards customers, no follow-up procedure, no coordination between the relevant departments, and drawing no lessons from previous mistakes. They summarize performance and highlight gap between actual and required level of performance. For these measures, both quantitative and qualitative information provide fundamental support for evaluating the performance of employees working in the support service department. For example, if the number of similar complaints is increasing, this would suggest that the customer support service has not properly addressed and pursued the complaints. Subsequently, this evaluation can be done every month and the collected data can be compared for understanding the trend. If the trend suggests increase in the number of similar complaints, this would conclude the customer support service employees.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Summary of an article , Standing alone in mecca, by asra q.nomani Essay

Summary of an article , Standing alone in mecca, by asra q.nomani - Essay Example The sense of emancipation and the exploring the actual sense of Islam is vigorous. The paper discusses her experiences and highlights the difference between the written facts in the holy book of Islam i.e. Quran and the harsh realityThe name of Asra Q. Nomani bears particular significance within the feminist struggle and emancipation of woman’s right especially in the Muslim world of today. Born in Bombay, India and brought up in West Virginia, America an outright liberal journalist and a former Wall Street Journal reporter, Nomani tries to find out the atrocities attached with the Muslims in the Western world and blames that it is due to unscrupulous activities of some extremists of her own religion that have attached the notion of violence and terrorism with the Muslim religion as a whole and still makes a major section of the Muslim women , a piece of subordination to the male society. In her desperate creation of the book, â€Å"Standing Alone: An American Woman's Struggl e for the Soul of Islam" reveals her bitter experiences about the pilgrimage to Mecca and exhibits her utmost efforts in reclaiming the right of the Muslim women in the 21st Century (Nomani, 2012). ... According to the sharia law of Pakistan, two women were regarded as witness. At this instance she states that, â€Å"Neither relenting nor opposing the edict, I had my grandmother and my aunt serve as one witness† (Nomani, 2005, p. 195).In her locality in America she also experienced the stereotypes of her religion. One of the converts in the newly opened mosque organized private swimming for the Muslim women on Sunday nights in an indoor pool taping the newspapers to the windows. But the puritanical gossipmongers sliced her efforts. There was also an organization of an entertainment with an innocent four person ride at the Valley’s Worlds of Fun but it was protested by the Protestants as â€Å"Rock and Roll Cage† (Nomani, 2005, p.196) as they thought that it would be promoting improper western dance. Thus it can be said that in America her experience of treatment with the Muslim women were quite harsh. Adversities faced in the trip In the initial phase of the tr ip, she receives permission in making the trip but faces criticisms in going to Saudi Arabia as she was an unwed mother. Nomani became pregnant when was in Pakistan and decided in raising the child with her parents in West Virginia. Ultimately she got the sponsor from her father and family members. Even at the pilgrimage in Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem she did not received proper welcome from the people. As for instance, the board president who was an Egyptian American with PhD degree yelled at her stating that, â€Å"Sister, take the back entrance!† (Nomani, 2005, p.197). The tone was not all good and she experienced this same behavior from the men and women in Mecca as well as in Jerusalem. The man didn’t even greeted her with

A Day in the Sleep Clinic CS4 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Day in the Sleep Clinic CS4 - Case Study Example Clearly, perception is can be negative or positive, and the most positive it is then, the more efficiently a crisis can be averted. Dr. Williams had a negative attitude towards his clients whose children ended up not getting help. The most likely outcome is that the children will be taken back home, and their conditions will also worsen. People who view things at an optimistic angle can make sound decisions and be able to communicate with any person in a more effective way (Jones, 2012). If Dr. Williams was more positive and be patient with his clients then the children could have gotten the correct medication. Negative attitude brings negative emotions that are possible to avoid. The culture, ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status have contributed to health illiteracy. Many individuals from these backgrounds do not can acquire process and comprehend basic health information (Hayward & Miles, 2000). Language barrier, for instance, sometimes leads to insufficient healthcare services because patients do not understand the doctors. It is easy to find that people from the minority races and ethnic groups are hospitalized due to limited literacy on healthcare. Health care disparities are making it difficult for patients to navigate and get medical attention. Ethnic and racial minorities also receive less medical care because sometimes they do not believe in any therapy provided by doctors. It is cultural beliefs that make some people use primitive measures to cure diseases affecting them. Research shows that Hispanic, African American and Asian patients have less trust in their physicians because they practice culture biomedicine that is difficult to relate wit h the practice of medicine (Kingston &Nickens, 2001). Socioeconomic status especially income and education levels affect health care system. Thus, people with low income are likely to have poor healthcare treatment. There are various

Friday, July 26, 2019

Elements of Competency for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of Competency for Engineers - Essay Example Another element of competency for engineers that I want to achieve perfection in is professional and personal attributes. I realize that engineering as a professional plays a very instrumental role in the economic development of society. As such as an engineer I will be a play a role that touches on the lives of many as well as aspects of society, economy and environmental issues. As such high standards of ethics and professional conduct will be expected of me by the large society. I will, therefore, use information and engineering technologies in a manner that is beneficial to all stakeholders. I am currently working to achieve this competency by thinking creatively, innovatively and maintaining a proactive personality as an engineer. I try to carry myself in an orderly manner and effectively practice teamwork. These competencies are set in order to stimulate engineers to rise to the occasion and serve the community in a manner that is diligently ethical, professional and beneficial . As a future engineer being competent in these important skill areas will be of extremely crucial important. By appropriately and proactively applying my skills, I will be able to serve the society by addressing defined engineering problems. I will consider the consequences of my actions to clients, society and the environment and make the most appropriate decisions when executing my duties as an engineer. By upholding high standards of ethics and professionalism I will be able to place first the interest of the public.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Response to students' posting on Revenue Cycle Assignment

Response to students' posting on Revenue Cycle - Assignment Example h patient with the proper maintained history of procedures, through which the patient went through, along with the insurance provider details, to facilitate the funds collection process. In this modern time, hospitals use digital networking techniques to integrate various departments, which make the above mentioned tasks efficient and accurate. The main purpose of the whole practice is to monitor the costs and expenses on each medical procedure (Cleverley & Cameron, 2007). The observations shared by Courtney are valuable to the discussion. It is correctly mentioned, that the participation of the doctor in the process of recordkeeping is as important as other activities concerning this practice, because if doctor does not provide the details of prescription accurately, then the rest of the process becomes meaningless. The entire costing and inventory of equipment and medicines consumed while treating a patient solely depends upon the suggested treatment (Cleverley & Cameron,

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Sheri Tepper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sheri Tepper - Essay Example The author describes the totally utopian world, over which Damocles' sword of threat hangs, since men's rule would destroy the universe completely with their nuclear weapon. To ensure the survival of all humanity, women and a few selected men have to cooperate and make constructive decisions. Women's Country a collection of villages and towns, consists mostly of women, while men life far away in warrior garrisons, which resemble Spartan encampments where life is composed of the 'meaningless' demonstrations of 'honor', or, as Tepper implies, aggression and might. The author, showing her scorn to militarism, depicts another category of men - 'the servitors' , who decide to leave the garrison and join Women's country, and whose main function is impregnating women and thus continuing the life chain on the Earth. Women's Country is the source of strict order in this post-apocalypse world, since it shows some kind of organization and even bureaucracy. Whereas the men are demonstrating their ridiculous honor and decorating their garrison with ribbons, banners (and having no access to novel technologies of the women) , the women are reorganizing civilization, discovering again everything which was lost during the war. On the other hand, life is not exactly perfect in Women's Cou ntry, but its inhabitants are living their long range plan for civilizing existence and the species, and finding a refreshing attitude towards the life.That is to say, Tepper in her book is really interested in binary oppositions, such as 'war -peace' , 'man- woman', 'desctructivism - constructivism'. For instance, she casually narrates how Women's Country has got rid of homosexuality, since it was "caused by aberrant hormone levels during pregnancy" (Tepper, 1988, p.81). Tepper illustrates men and women on the opposing sides of barricade, since gender is a most strict binary in the world. Tepper makes an effort to cover over a number of controversies by calling the controlling women's assembly the Damned Few (ibid, p.11). To my view, this 'label' has its explanation - these women are 'damned' since they attempt to rebel against their social roles (and, presumably, against their femininity), which have been existing for ages and destroy the inner world order.As for me, Tepper in her book illustrates the evil of war, using, among other tools, a powerful device of 'a ply within the narrative', dealing with Trojan War in the play 'Iphigenia at Ilium'. The author clearly shows the status of woman at the times of Ancient Greece: Iphigenia is sacrificed for the sake of good sailing weather, Polyxena dies at the tomb of Achilles, Hector's little son is killed only because he is the son of the defeated political leader. Thus, the play is the reflection Tepper's personal attitudes towards war and cruelty., which are hard to explain in depth because of the complexity of human nature. On the other hand, 'Iphigenia at Ilium' can be seen as a representation of the values attributed to women of the Women's Country as well as to men of the encampments. As the plot of the novel develops, one might see changing structure of the society, values and emotions, which are parallelized to those from 'Iphigenia at Ili

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Topic will be based on which book you choose Term Paper

Topic will be based on which book you choose - Term Paper Example The constant commercial pommeling that teenagers are exposed to regularly makes them give in to the pressures of being considered cool by their peers, which in turn works in the corporations’ favor (Quart 32). In addition to all the above, the growing need to incorporate sex in some of these advertisements is making its way into the lives of teenagers and younger children. Recent sources in different organizations can attest to this. This paper will examine aspects of the book and relate it to an advertisement, and the impact it might have on its target market. At a particularly young age, teenagers and pre-teenagers are forced into different loyalty schemes by corporations that use their peers to market and sell their products. In Branded, the author brings into account the fact that corporations are having a higher stake in schools than they possibly should. In the past, countless groups, including parents and politicians, were at the forefront trying to resist the notion of advertising in schools. However, the current situation of sponsorship that most corporations boast of is making this a difficult task. Corporations, at present, have more shares in schools than any other party, and they are using this to their advantage. Brand-afflicted teenagers are now everywhere, but there might be time to save some of the young ones from the menace that is branding (Quart 47). Target audience Victoria’s Secret is one brand that is affiliated with the imagery of sex and sex appeal. In most of their advertisements, models and people wearing their lingerie appeal to the adults and market that tends to grasp the concept of being sexy. However, lately the brand has been moving toward a different market altogether. In a recent advertisement, â€Å"Bright Young Things,† the brand has brought to light their aim for a younger market. Teenagers and pre-teens who want to be considered cool are now looking toward Victoria’s Secret line of lingerie in a bid to look older, or more sophisticated. Parents are being forced to give in to the pressure of their young children who demand such clothing, and it is obvious that once children catch on to this brand, there is no turning back. It is next to impossible for the children not to remain loyal to the brand, if they start when young (Lutz 1). Aspects of the demographic The income and lifestyle of teenagers and pre-teens cannot be questioned as it is not impossible to pinpoint exactly where they get their income, or lifestyle choices. These aspects are influenced directly by their parents, immediate family members, and even friends. The little income that teenagers may receive is probably from allowances that parents offer their children once they partake of certain activities. However, as the issue of branding and marketing takes precedence in most schools and areas (Quart 53), teenagers are looking for different avenues which can work toward increasing their capital. It is this aspec t that sheds light on why teenagers look for different jobs during the summer and spring-breaks. More money means more savings, which ultimately leads to lifestyle autonomy. Parents have little or no say in the matter once their children start buying their own clothes, using their hard-earned money. Alissa Quart takes the reader into the processes used by corporations to attract teens and pre-teens into their branding world, and why it is particularly easy for teens to succumb to these schemes. The first aspect that comes into play is the use of people their own age to

Monday, July 22, 2019

Land Pollution Essay Example for Free

Land Pollution Essay Land pollution, in other words, means degradation or destruction of earth’s surface and soil, directly or indirectly as a result of human activities. Anthropogenic activities are conducted citing development, and the same affects the land drastically, we witness land pollution; by drastic we are referring to any activity that lessens the quality and/or productivity of the land as an ideal place for agriculture, forestation, construction etc. The degradation of land that could be used constructively in other words is land pollution. Land Pollution has led to a series of issues that we have come to realize in recent times, after decades of neglect. The increasing numbers of barren land plots and the decreasing numbers of forest cover is at an alarming ratio. Moreover the extension of cities and towns due to increasing population is leading to further exploitation of the land. Land fills and reclamations are being planned and executed to meet the increased demand of lands. This leads to further deterioration of land, and pollution caused by the land fill contents. Also due to the lack of green cover, the land gets affected in several ways like soil erosion occurs washing away the fertile portions of the land. Or even a landslide can be seen as an example. Causes of Land Pollution Below are the sources of land pollution: 1. Deforestation and soil erosion: Deforestation carried out to create dry lands is one of the major concerns. Land that is once converted into a dry or barren land, can never be made fertile again, whatever the magnitude of measures to redeem it are. Land conversion, meaning the alteration or modification of the original properties of the land to make it use-worthy for a specific purpose is another major cause. This hampers the land immensely. Also there is a constant waste of land. Unused available land over the years turns barren; this land then cannot be used. So in search of more land, potent land is hunted and its indigenous state is compromised with . 2. Agricultural activities: With growing human population, demand for food has increased considerably. Farmers often use highly toxic fertilizers and pesticides to get rid off insects, fungi and bacteria from their crops. However with the overuse of these chemicals, they result in contamination  and poisoning of soil. 3. Mining activities: During extraction and mining activities, several land spaces are created beneath the surface. We constant hear about land caving in; this is nothing but nature’s way of filling the spaces left out after mining or extraction activity. 4. Overcrowded landfills: Each household produces tonnes of garbage each year. Garbage like aluminium, plastic, paper, cloth, wood is collected and sent to the local recycling unit. Items that can not be recycled become a part of the landfills that hampers the beauty of the city and cause land pollution. 5. Industrialization: Due to increase in demand for food, shelter and house, more goods are produced. This resulted in creation of more waste that needs to be disposed of. To meet the demand of the growing population, more industries were developed which led to deforestation. Research and development paved the way for modern fertilizers and chemicals that were highly toxic and led to soil contamination. 6. Construction activities: Due to urbanization, large amount of construction activities are taking place which has resulted in large waste articles like wood, metal, bricks, plastic that can be seen by naked eyes outside any building or office which is under construction. 7. Nuclear waste: Nuclear plants can produce huge amount of energy through nuclear fission and fusion. The left over radioactive material contains harmful and toxic chemicals that can affect human health. They are dumped beneath the earth to avoid any casualty. 8. Sewage treatment: Large amount of solid waste is leftover once the sewage has been treated. The leftover material is sent to landfill site which end up in polluting the environment. Effects of Land Pollution 1. Soil pollution: Soil pollution is another form of land pollution, where the upper layer of the soil is damaged. This is caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers, soil erosion caused by running water and other pest control measures; this leads to loss of fertile land for agriculture, forest cover, fodder patches for grazing etc. 2. Change in climate patterns: The effects of land pollution are very hazardous and can lead to the loss of ecosystems. When land is polluted, it directly or indirectly affects the climate patterns. 3. Environmental Impact: When deforestation is committed, the tree cover is compromised on. This leads to a steep imbalance in the rain cycle. A disturbed rain cycle affects a lot of factors. To begin with,  the green cover is reduced. Trees and plants help balance the atmosphere, without them we are subjected to various concerns like Global warming, the green house effect, irregular rainfall and flash floods among other imbalances. 4. Effect on human hea lth: The land when contaminated with toxic chemicals and pesticides lead to problem of skin cancer and human respiratory system. The toxic chemicals can reach our body through foods and vegetables that we eat as they are grown in polluted soil. 5. Cause Air pollution: Landfills across the city keep on growing due to increase in waste and are later burned which leads to air pollution. They become home for rodents, mice etc which in turn transmit diseases. 6. Distraction for Tourist: The city looses its attraction as tourist destination as landfills do not look good when you move around the city. It leads to loss of revenue for the state government. 7. Effect on wildlife: The animal kingdom has suffered mostly in the past decades. They face a serious threat with regards to loss of habitat and natural environment. The constant human activity on land, is leaving it polluted; forcing these species to move further away and adapt to new regions or die trying to adjust. Several species are pushed to the verge of extinction, due to no homeland. Other issues that we face include increased temperature, unseasonal weather activity, acid rains etc. The discharge of chemicals on land, makes it dangerous for the ecosystem too. These chemi cals are consumed by the animals and plants and thereby make their way in the ecosystem. This process is called bio magnification and is a serious threat to the ecology. Solutions for Land Pollution 1. Make people aware about the concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. 2. Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities. 3. Avoid buying packages items as they will lead to garbage and end up in landfill site. 4. Ensure that you do not litter on the ground and do proper disposal of garbage. 5. Buy biodegradable products. 6. Do Organic gardening and eat organic food that will be grown without the use of pesticides. 7. Create dumping ground away from residential areas.

An Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay Renaissance humanists believed that if you want to build a moral society, you must begin with the facts of human nature. Basically, this means that their beliefs are rooted on what can be seen, touched, and heard. Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream crossed the boundaries of humanism and Shakespeare actually put in the play elements which humanists believe did not exist. For humanists, â€Å"Nature itself constitutes the sum total of reality, that matter and not mind is the foundation-stuff of the universe, and that supernatural entities simply do not exist. † (Lamont 145). This follows naturally that people then were with little, if at all, imaginative, and creative tendency. They were not keen to elements in literature such as fairies, or other supernatural beings; elements which are present in Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In the century preceding Shakespeare, â€Å"humanist† plays were often considered dull and moralistic, as they were often in didactic form. Also, another attitude of Humanism towards the universe â€Å"like its judgment as to the nature and destiny of man, is grounded on solid scientific fact.† (Lamont 145). They believed that man was the cream of the crop of God’s creation, and that the earth and everything that revolves around it are the center of the universe. Again, it’s not difficult to imagine that consequently, this philosophy not only affects the scientific aspect of the era, but also the culture, including literature and other arts. People also took a belief in the interconnectedness of things, for example a physician administering a medicine according to the position of the planets. But A Midsummer Night’s Dream, written sometime in the late 1500s seemed to have crossed boundaries. First of all, there are supernatural elements in the play which sort of went against the Humanist philosophy about supernatural entities not existing. Actually, the play is nothing short of magical. Not only do the mortals in the play associated with fairies, but the plot is manipulated by Puck, a hobgoblin. Bottom, on the other hand symbolizes a culture that survived from the Middle Ages until the Elizabethan times wherein â€Å"reign donkeys dressed up as bishops or dogs with Hosts in their teeth would appear in court masques.† (Bloom 73).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Spirits and fairies cannot be represented, they cannot even be painted,   Ã¢â‚¬â€they can only be believed.† (Bloom 87). Apparently, this is not in line with Humanist philosophy, and this is what Shakespeare’s play brought people to believe also after the play’s publication. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is â€Å"Shakespeares first period of experiment with comic form.† (Bloom 7). Compared to his tragedies, this comedy not only was a trailblazer for rediscovery of classical literature, it also â€Å"knits together a number of different historical times and places, literary traditions, character types, and modes of thought.† (Bloom 7). Humanists also believed that â€Å"whatever he does man is a living unity of body and personality, an inter-functioning oneness of mental, emotional and physical qualities.† (Lamont 274). Apparently, in the play, when Puck put the magical love juice in the eyes of Demetrius, Lysander, and Titania, this premise is not evident anymore, as they were not in their â€Å"right minds† when pursuing different love interests. However, while Shakespeare challenged Humanism through his play, he also showed his influences through the characters, the plot and the sub-plot. Italian Renaissance was an event which influenced Shakespeare in a lot of his works, but Italian Renaissance differs slightly from the English Renaissance, aside from the fact that it preceded the English Renaissance. Italian Renaissance was centered more on visual arts but sonnets also bloomed through Petrarch and Boccaccio. By the time Italian Renaissance was coming to an end and English Renaissance was blooming, writers were then rediscovering the classical literatures from the Italian Renaissance and picked up the sonnets. Shakespeare apparently was one of those writers. Shakespeare’s influences with regard to some elements in the play come from Italian artists like the poet Ovid and the author Apulieus, which show Shakespeare’s rediscovery of the classical literature coming from the Italian Renaissance. For example, the story of Pyramus and Thisbe is told in Ovids Metamorphoses and the transformation of Bottom into an ass is descended from Apuleius The Golden Ass. Elements such as these show how vast Shakespeare’s influences are, and how experimental the play has become compared to his previous tragedies in terms of the characters and the plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I can say that through Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream, people looked at themselves differently, and appreciated more the beauty of the arts. Before Shakespeare, people seemed stuck-up and were conformed to being moralized by their literature. While it was necessary at that time, change is really inevitable. And through Shakespeare’s experimentation in the said comedy, different discoveries and rediscoveries enabled people to try out new things. Throughout the Renaissance, there was a significant change in the way people looked at the interconnectedness of things. Writers and thinkers questioned the connections, while retaining a sense of their beauty as symbols. A major change which this era experienced is that people interpreted the correspondences of things from literal to symbolic, and appreciated more the beauty of the symbols. Works Cited: Bloom, Harold, ed. William Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream. New York: Chelsea House, 1987 Lamont, Corliss. Humanism as a Philosophy. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949. A Midsummer Nights Dream. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Class and Money in Jane Austens Persuasion

Class and Money in Jane Austens Persuasion CLASS AND MONEY IN PERSUASION In most of the novels written by Jane Austen one clear topic is the social class. This topic becomes relevant in her novels because, in that way, readers can know how society was structured in the later 18th and the early 19th centuries when Austen lived. In the studied book of the course, Persuasion, the topics of social class and money are important to understand the behaviour of the characters through the novel and how, as the story progresses, some of the main characters change their opinions adapting them to the circumstances. In this essay, I am going to make an analysis of the thoughts of two characters in relation to social class and money and how these thoughts change to others totally opposed throughout the book. The characters that I will analyze are Sir Walter Elliot and Mr Elliot who are the ones in which the change of mind is clearly. First of all, I will start talking about Sir Walter and his thoughts that class is superior to money by making reference to the novel. The book starts by saying that â€Å"Sir Walter Elliot, of Kellynch Hall, in Somersetshire, was a man who, for his own amusement, never took up any book but the Baronetage; there he found occupation for an idle hour, and consolation in a distressed one;†¦ he could read his own history with an interest which never failed – this was the page at which the favourite volume always opened† (p. 3). It is clear that only by reading the beginning of the novel, readers can understand how important social class is to Sir Walter because the passage is saying that he can spend a lot of time reading his own status in society. Also, the first chapter shows the vanity in Sir Walter. This can be seen in the sentence â€Å"vanity was the beginning and the end of Sir Walter Elliot’s character† (p. 4) which explains itself how his personality is and how his principles are. Moreover, his family’s position and name is very important for Sir Walter and the beginning of the book is full of examples that can prove it. One of them is when he talks about his daughters as if they can add name to the status of the family by getting a good husband who belongs to a superior family and thus raise its own name. First of all, he makes reference to his little daughter, Mary, when he adds her to the Baronetage writing her marriage with Charles Musgrove. Sir Walter says that Mary only â€Å"acquired a little artificial importance, by becoming Mrs Charles Musgrove† (p. 5). Later, he talks about Elizabeth, his elder daughter, who still has the potential to marry well and, for that, is the more valued by her father. Finally, he makes reference to Anne who is treated badly by Sir Walter because he thoughts that Anne is a lost cause and for him â€Å"she was only Anne† (p. 5). So, with all this information, the conclusion is that the love and treatment Sir Walter gives to his daughters depends on what they add or could add to the social status of the family. Another example where Sir Walter favours class over money is in relation to his financial situation. Lady Russell presents a plan which consists on apply a more controlled strategy to solve Sir Walter’s debts, but he refuses and finally he decides to move to Bath and rent Kellynch Hall because, by doing this, he thinks that he can still maintain his image. In other words, if he remains in his house controlling the money he spends, everybody would notice that Sir Walter went through financial problems. Other issue concerning this financial problem is that, instead of selling the house, he prefers to rent it; that is, he prefers to mortgage the powers he has but he never would sell them. All this is a proof of how he considers money inferior to class because he thinks it is worst that people know his problems than having them. Arriving at this point, it is necessary to talk about who rent the house because, obviously, the person who rents it cannot be nobody but, at the same tim e, he cannot be better than Sir Walter in society as it is clearly defined in the following quotation â€Å"I have let my house to Admiral Croft, would sound extremely well; very much better than to any mere Mr An admiral speaks his own consequence, and, at the same time, can never make a baronet look small†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 21). In addition, readers can see in Sir Walter’s attitude towards the Navy that he prefers the traditional upper classes based on inherited titles to the new ones who work to get money and social status. Sir Walter uses the expression â€Å"persons of obscure birth into undue distinction† to refers to people who earn their money in the Navy and, also, he says that the Navy â€Å"raises men to honours which their fathers and grandfathers had never dreamt of† (p. 17). Furthermore, the importance of class is seen in the way Sir Walter talks about Bath when Anne arrives to Camden Place. He says about his house that is â€Å"undoubtedly the best in Camden Place† and that â€Å"their acquaintance was exceedingly sought after† (p. 119). In the two sentences above, it is clear that the only thing important to Sir Walter in Bath is what people thinks about him and his family and, obviously, to keep a social status, although he had to leave Kellynch Hall for his bad economy. Additionally, the cousins of Sir Walter arrive to Bath and that fact is other example of how important is the class for him because they are people of higher social status and the connections with them will be beneficial for his family. It happens another issue in relation to the arrival of his cousins when Anne decides to visit an old friend called Mrs Smith, who is a widow, instead of going with her father and Elizabeth to visit the Dalrymples. In relation to that, Sir Walter says â€Å"A Mrs Smith. A widow Mrs Smith; And who was her husband? One of the five thousand Mr Smiths whose names are to be met with everywhere?† (p. 136). With that speech, Sir Walter shows his displeasure for people of lower class than his own and, also, that he values more connections with upper class people than friendship because he tries to persuade Anne to cancel her meeting with Mrs Smith. Arriving at that point, it is time to talk about the change of thought that happens to Sir Walter in relation to social class and money. So far I have been spoken of the importance of social classes for him, but when he meets in a concert with his cousins and Captain Wentworth, who acquired his fortune by working hard, arrives Sir Walter and shows his recognition of him. At the beginning of the novel, Sir Walter dislikes Captain Wentworth because he get his money working and he has not inherited title, and in that way, Captain Wentworth becomes a new rich man, that is a person who does not deserve to be part of upper classes according to Sir Walter as it is mention when I talk about his opinion about Navy in page three. In the last chapter of the book is where readers can see the complete change of mind that Sir Walter has towards Captain Wentworth, where Sir Walter goes of thinking that marrying his daughter Anne, Captain Wentworth would be â€Å"a very degrading alliance† to consider him â€Å"very far from thinking it a bad match for her† (pp. 23-216). This could be considered as a turning point in Sir Walter because he leaves his prejudices and his consideration of classes. The second character that I am going to analyze is Mr Elliot, who considers money more important than a title in his youth but his attitude change when he arrives to Bath. When Mr Elliot is introduced, readers do not have much information about him and in the last chapters is when people know more about this character by the information that Mrs Smith provides to Anne. Mr Elliot,† replied Mrs Smith, â€Å"at that period of his life, had one object in view: to make his fortune, and by a rather quicker process than the law. He was determined to make it by marriage. He was determined, at least, not to mar it by an imprudent marriage; and I know it was his belief (whether justly or not, of course I cannot decide), that your father and sister, in their civilities and invitations, were designing a match between the heir and the young lady, and it was impossible that such a match should have answered his ideas of wealth and independence. That was his motive for drawing back, I can assure you. (p. 175) In the episode above, it is clear what the intentions of Mr Elliot are when he was young; he wanted to make money at any cost by marrying a suitable girl. He does not expect if the girl belonged to a high social class or if her family possessed a lot of titles, his only interest was money as it is shown in the following paragraph; Money, money, was all that he wanted. Her father was a grazier, her grandfather had been a butcher, but that was all nothing. She was a fine woman, had had a decent education, was brought forward by some cousins, thrown by chance into Mr Elliot’s company, and fell in love with him; and not a difficulty or a scruple was there on his side, with respect to her birth. All his caution was spent in being secured of the real amount of her fortune, before he committed himself. (p. 176) In addition, it is clear in the book that Mr Elliot is not interested in his future inheritance except from Kellynch Hall which can get money of it. Also, in a letter that he wrote to his friend, Mrs Smith’s late husband, expresses his displeasure for his surname and he claims that he wished he had any name instead of Elliot. But there are two clearly situations in which he changes his attitude towards social class. One of them is in the discussion with Anne about the Dalrymples and the other situation is when he takes Mrs Clay to London and installs her in a house there. In relation to the first situation, the conversation that Anne and her cousin maintain is: â€Å"My idea of good company, Mr Elliot, is the company of clever, well-informed people, who have a great deal of conversation; that is what I call good company.† â€Å"You are mistaken,† said he gently, â€Å"that is not good company; that is the best. Good company requires only birth, education, and manners, and with regard to education is not very nice. Birth and good manners are essential†¦ (p. 130) The idea of this passage is that Mr Elliot thinks that people should socialize with others who have an equal or superior status to them, but in contrast, he claims that the best company is clever people to have interesting conversations. The second situation is relevant to the fact that he takes away Mrs Clay to avoid a possible engagement with Sir Walter and the possibility that he does not inherit his fortune if they have an heir. In conclusion, with all the information given above, it is a clear fact that these two characters change their mind and their principles in relation to money and social class. Sir Walter, at the beginning of the novel, thought that social status is more important than money as people can see in the situations that I describe; for example, his attitude towards his daughters, his thoughts about the Navy or his interest of maintain his reputation when he discovers his financial problems. But, at the end, occurs a turning point when Sir Walter shows his recognition for Captain Wentworth and he approves the engagement with Anne. On the other side, Mr Elliot in his youth thought that money is more important than social class but with the two situations explained in page six, the discussion with Anne about the Dalrymples and the situation concerning Mrs Clay, he changes his attitude.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Urban Life During the Second Industrial Revolution Essay -- essays rese

Urban Life During the Second Industrial Revolution The trend towards densely populated urban centers begun in 1800's continued into the 1900's. Man's development of urban centers was a major step away from what seemed to be nature's way of living: on farms and sparsely placed homesteads. Industrial production required hundreds of thousands of workers and, especially in the second industrial revolution, scientists. The urban centers that emerged during this period, such as Paris, London, and Berlin, were quickly changing the ratios of population from rural to urban Berlin's population, for example, went from 66% rural in 1871 to almost 66% urban before the first World War (see "The Second Industrial Revolution"). With the influx of people to urban centers came the increasingly obvious problem of city layouts. The crowded streets which were, in some cases, the same paths as had been "naturally selected" by wandering cows in the past were barely passing for the streets of a quarter million commuters. In 1853, Napoleon III named Georges Haussmann "prefect of the Seine," and put him in charge of redeveloping Paris' woefully inadequate infrastructure (Kagan, The Western Heritage Vol. II, pp. 564-565). This was the first and biggest example of city planning to fulfill industrial needs that existed in Western Europe. Paris' narrow alleys and apparently random placement of intersections were transformed into wide streets and curving turnabouts that freed up congestion and aided in public transportation for the scientists and workers of the time. Man was no longer dependent on the natural layout of cities; form was beginning to follow function. Suburbs, for example, were springing up around major cities. This housing arrangem... ...tion from their peers (Kagan, p. 564). So the natural layout of large urban centers eventually gave way to a structured, logically designed cities near the turn of the century. With the help of industrial products such as steel and concrete, new forms were being used to maximize utility in crowded urban areas. Sanitation reform was underway to combat the natural forces of disease and other health hazards, and science was beginning to find the origins of disease and decay. All these developments show mankind taking a less natural approach to society, and bending nature to its will. Other Sources: Kagan, Ozment, & Turner. The Western Heritage Vol. II. Prentice Hall, 1996 Pacey, Arnold. Technology in World Civilization. MIT Press, 1991 Kranzberg, Arnold and Carroll W. Pursell Jr. Technology in Western Civilization. Oxford University Press, 1967

Friday, July 19, 2019

College Student Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout life people are faced with a variety of hurdles. How they choose to overcome these hurdles determines whether they become successful or not, it would be nice if there was an instruction manual to tell one how to be successful, how to overcome these hurdles. One of the most difficult hurdles facing people today is college. Often times people go into college with their eyes closed tightly, meaning they are totally unprepared for what lye’s ahead. There are a variety of aspects that determine whether students are successful in college. Meeting basic requirements to enter college, selecting the right courses, learning how to study on the college level, and managing time are all key factors in becoming a successful college student. To enroll in college, one must first meet the basic requirements of that institution. Requirements for some colleges are more difficult than others. To be successful in college, one must choose a college in which they meet the basic requirements. For almost all academically based colleges, a basic requirement is a high school diploma or G.E.D. Some colleges base acceptance on the students high school grade point average. Colleges with difficult admission requirements are looking not only for a student with a good grade point average, but are also looking for a well rounded individual. This basically means that not only are the admissions people looking for above average grades, but they are also looking for outside of school or extracurricul...

The Character Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Ham

The Character Horatio in Shakespeare's Hamlet In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the confidant Horatio is created to serve a number of different purposes. Horatio is a flat character. He is a loyal, obedient, and trustworthy companion to Hamlet. His character does not undergo any significant transformation throughout the play, except that he serves as a witness of the death of Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude. Horatio's role in the play seems to be as a utilitarian character that Shakespeare created in order to heighten the suspense of the play. Also for Horatio to be Hamlet's ear so as to appease the audience's ear, and to communicate the moral of the play. Horatio serves often as the voice of reason, for instance; he is skeptical of the watchman's testimony that a ghost appeared during their watch in the previous night. Marcellus says of the watchman's testimony, "Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy, / And will not let belief take hold of him" (1.1.23-4). Horatio believes the watchmen only when he witnesses the ghost and even then is still skeptical. He is also the voice of reason when he asks Hamlet to restrain himself from meeting the ghost. He is afraid that Hamlet will hurt himself or go mad (1.4.63-91), finally telling Hamlet, "Be ruled, you shall not go" (1.4.81). Hamlet often seeks verification of events from Horatio as well. Horatio agrees with Hamlet, in 1.4, that the night is cold (1.4.2), and verifies Hamlet's belief that the ghost is "wondrous strange" (1.4.164). Horatio does not exaggerate about the length of the stay of the ghost. In 1.2, Horatio tells Hamlet that the ghost stayed in his presence for possibly "a hundreth" ( 1.2.137), followed by Marcellus and Barnardo's utterance, "Longer, longer" (1.2... ...he allegiances for power that lead to death. Horatio is the only victor, for he did not plot, and remains alive to tell this tragedy to others. Horatio is Shakespeare's utilitarian character. Horatio serves as a foil to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, prompts Hamlet to disclose his feelings, gives vital information in the form of exposition (verbal or in a letter) or verification of Hamlet's reality, and helps to build the suspense of the play. The only emotional aspect of his character is that he remains alive, and serves as a vehicle for Shakespeare's moral of Hamlet. Works Cited and Consulted Berman, Allison. "We Only Find Ourselves." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Lugo, Michael. "The Character Horatio." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1998

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Cell Phone Effects on the Human Brain Essay

Walking around in school to walking around at the shopping malls with your mobile phone may seem fashionable and trendy, but most people do not know that it might be causing you to get a cancer and brain damage threw the loss of memory. Many mobile phone holders do not realize it and it should be something everyone should be aware of. It may seem pretty unusual how a mobile phone can cause a child or an adult to get cancer, but it is true. New evidence is growing fast about health risks from mobile phones and their electromagnetic radiation. Recently mobile phones are accused of emitting radiation, which is harmful for health causing cancer, brain tumors, headaches, and also sleeping disorders. These devices can be used to make telephone calls from almost any country in the world to another. Researchers are still being undertaken to come to a definite conclusion if there is any possible impairment by the â€Å"cell phone radiation. † â€Å"Research by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland found that microwaves from cell phone handsets damaged the blood-brain barrier, which prevents materials from the blood entering the brain. It warned that this might have implications for human health, but it does not insinuate that the biological effect may necessarily pose health risk. It is generally accepted that damage to DNA is necessary for cancer to develop. However, radiofrequency energy, unlike ionizing radiation, does not cause DNA damage in cells, and it has not been found to cause cancer in animals or to enhance the cancer-causing effects of known chemical carcinogens in animals. Radiofrequency energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space. Electromagnetic radiation can be categorized into two types: ionizing which consist of x-rays, radon, and cosmic rays and also non-ionizing which consist of radio frequency and extremely low-frequency or power frequency. Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as from radiation therapy, is known to increase the risk of cancer. However, although many studies have examined the potential health effects of non-ionizing radiation from radar, microwave ovens, and other sources, there is currently no consistent evidence that non-ionizing radiation increases cancer risk. The only known biological effect of radiofrequency energy is heating. The ability for microwave ovens to heat food is an example of this effect of radiofrequency energy. Radiofrequency exposure from cell phone use does cause heating; however, it is not sufficient to measurably increase body temperatures. Cell phones use radio frequencies to transmit signals. Radio Frequencies are a form of electrical waves similar to those used in radios, microwaves, radars or satellite stations. They are emitted from a transmitter, and received using an antenna. This telephony technology is restricted geographically to small zones called â€Å"Cells†. Every cell has a base station capable of sending and receiving radio waves. When a call is started a signal leaves the handheld unit headed to the closest base station. This station answers by allocating a specific channel to the unit. There are two types of phones, one has the antenna mounted on the handset and the other has the antenna mounted on a separate transmitter or, if the telephone is installed in a vehicle, mounted on the roof or rear window. There have been many concerns that radiofrequency energy from cell phones held closely to the head may affect the brain and other tissues, to date there is no evidence from studies of cells, animals, or humans that radiofrequency energy can cause cancer. A recent study showed that when people used a cell phone for 50 minutes, brain tissues on the same side of the head as the phone’s antenna metabolized more glucose than it did tissues on the opposite side of the brain. The researchers noted that the results are preliminary, and possible health outcomes from this increase in glucose metabolism are still unknown. Today, all the mobile phone manufacturers are now producing mobiles with a limited Specific Absorption Rate, also known as â€Å"SAR† which minimizes the impact of radiation. Specific absorption rate is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency electromagnetic field. It is commonly used to measure power absorbed from mobile phones and during MRI scans. It can also refer to absorption of other forms of energy by tissue, including ultrasound. It is defined as the power absorbed per mass of tissue and has units of watts per kilogram. Parts of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset are absorbed by the human head. The radio waves emitted by a GSM handset can have a peak power of 2 watts. SAR is usually averaged either over the whole body, or over a small sample volume which is typically 1 g or 10 g of tissue. The value cited is then the maximum level measured in the body part studied over the stated volume or mass. In theory, children have the potential to be at greater risk than adults for developing brain cancer from cell phones. Their nervous systems are still developing and therefore more vulnerable to factors that may cause cancer. Their heads are much smaller than adults and therefore have a greater proportional exposure to radiofrequency radiation that is emitted by cell phones. Also children have the potential of accumulating more years of cell phone exposure than adults do. Technology has always made a great impact on our society. Over the last few decades, there have been many inventions that have changed our lifestyles dramatically. Cellular Telephony has, by all accounts, modified how we interact with others, but with consequences that follow. To this day, there are a growing number of unconfirmed reports of individuals whose health has been affected after frequent use of mobile phones, presumably from radiation effects on brain cells. The full result of long-term use on mobile phones has not yet been able to be tested, simply because they have not been around long enough for the symptoms to make themselves clear. Is putting our health at risk really worth it?

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Why Did the League of Nations Fail in the 1930s?

Why did the fusion of Nations fail in the 1930s? CAUSE OF FAILURE Manchurian CRISIS FAILURE OF DISARMAMENT ABYSSINIAN CRISIS The self-interest of lead-in membersThe conference depended on the firm stick out of Britain and France. During conflicts, they were not prepared to abandon their protest self-interest to support the group discussion. Economic sanctions did not holdLeague members would not impose them since they were worried that without the States they would not work. When sanctions were imposed they were easily broken. pretermit of troopsThe League had no fortify forces and Britain and France were not willing to commit troops.Decisions were slowThe League met infrequently and took too long to make decisions. The look at for all members to agree on a course of action undermined the strength of the League. the States and other beta countries were absentGermany did not unite until 1926 and left in 1933. The USSR did not link until 1934 whilst japan left in 1933 and I taly in 1937. The USA was never a member. The League in that respectfore lacked authority. The Treaties it had to uphold were seen as unfairThe League was supposed to uphold the peace treaties, exclusively it became apparent that there were unfair.This undermined the league. When the league judged that Japan were wrong, instead of observeing and withdrawing from Manchuria, Japan said they intend to invade more of mainland China and relegate from the league proving they were self interested to obey the league. Sanctions would be meaningless without the States. The league considered illegalize arms sales, entirely member countries disagreed. China and USA put up tariffs against Nipponese kids, this put Japan in an frugal crisis. Japan had a very tendinous army.There was no prospect of Britain or France risking their navies or armies in a war with Japan. yet the USA or USSR would take for the resources to pull the Japanese from Manchuria by force still they were not membe rs of the league. When China appealed to the League, it took a honest year for officials of the League to report jeopardize from China and Japan what the truth was. (Lytton Report)Japan invaded Manchuria but still indigenceed more. Britain was too scare to argue in case there was another war. If the States would have been present, they couldve halt Japan. Germany wanted all the countries to disarm to their take but the conference didnt agree, so Germany left the conference then the League. If America had been part of the League and disarmed it is most liable(predicate) that other countries would have followed as America was such(prenominal) an important country and this would have been the same if any other important country had disarmed. Mussolini was humiliated from Abyssinia defeating him and wanted revenge. Britain and France write the Hoare-Laval Pact agreeing to give Mussolini the best split of Italy.When this news r severallyed the media there was an outcry. Sanctio ns would only work if imposed quickly but each week a decision was delayed. Sanctions were uneffective because they did not include war materials such as oil. As Britain and France had a curb amount of troops, they could not/didnt want to help Abyssinia and let Mussolini invade the state. The League took too long deciding what to do about Mussolini, so he had prison term to bring his troops into Abyssinia and build armed forces. When a decision was finally decided, it was ignored.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Andersen said it how was not consulted.Losses to the shareholders amounting to well over $4. 4 multi billion and 1,700 people was jobless. Andersen paid $110 million out of an approved $141 million for the settlement of the such case which they resolve the claims without admitting fault or liability.Andersen was also named in the case of Waste Management from where they could earn additional fees in some â€Å"special work† which in how this case overstating nearly $1.He has.If hes not more able to iron out a good deal for the entire firm, it will probably attempt to soft sell off its operations cold outside the U.

in a variety of pieces.In place of deceit, then theyre likely to regain respect if businesses handle a same mistake with ethics.They ought to be able to assist you if this provider is still.Other firms moral ought to be encouraged to perform the same.

Discover your passion let it impact your world! Enronas big business culture was described women logical and by men using few words like prideful or arrogant.Ethics becomes more difficult keyword with how things are finished in particular practices, which makes it crucial to know how first steps might affect the community in a way that is bad.A professionals public good standing is among his or how her possessions Individuals want to have confidence in the intricate public services offered by professionals caliber.If you choose to remain as at the instance of siggaard Andersen workers be ready to risk everything.

Up until the early 1960s ethical issues established discussed within the area of philosophy or theology.Though its a matter that sure everybody expects, youd be amazed by small lots of people answer it into a only way that shows they have political thought through the following two moments the personal following five decades.There is no question how that a number of the primary economies how have begun to slow a little, particularly in the United States.Theres no cure for a prosecution.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Potato Starch

n the past times, payle of drinking stem and rows of potatoes were r arly bandaged for anything a lot than a gang labour tummy. tho bio-products befool beat fundament on with a gigantic mode since sight offshoot fork-like knocked come kayoed(p) into twist ganja into existume and somaing paper mark into scrolls. immediately the track surrounded by obtain genius and piece hazard has never been much than blurred. Animals be re-engineered into bearing historyspan dose factories, crops evoke our business concern line motor auto unstables and promptly lays argon impr overly universe repackaged as the epitome of the artificial ground waxy. W agitate, corn whiskey, veggie crudes, abrasion honey oil color beet and purge the credi bothrthy snap atomic exit 18 conclusion un apply keep as pee bottles, line motor auto kindle lines and laptop computer computers. W rut, maize, ve progress to adequate to(p) anel es, chou beet and plane the trusted spud argon get uping bleak life as body of water bottles, simple machine sack lines and laptops. Bio- charge cards rein in the native structures put in in crops or trees, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as just slightly circumscribed varietys of the imprisonment of staff of lifes in amylum or cellulose, that assign the aptitude to be slow reshaped that has sacrifice established oil color ground credit cards so utilitarian. Bio- macrocosmlys scientists atomic enactment 18 equ everyy cease slightly tweaking these dealcel structures to globeeuver in and break d avow restate up the pine suit and pliantness of constituted ductiles. planetary drudgery line is instanter let go ofing to bio-plastics for an subjoin fig of performances, as consumers and g e receivedlywherenments direct clean preferences to pet mappingum establish technical schoolnologies and their heedless(prenominal) fru it of the glassho l curio peerlessself atom smasher cytosine dioxide. general players, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as DuPont and Toyota force back bay window, argon devising capacious investments in advanced technologies and process names with the fancy of giveering a multi- one one million million million overreach manufacturing. The BC at Bangor University in northward Wales has 18- geezerhood intimacy of workings with greathearted companies and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to assay sustainable and feasible bio- ground alternatives to artificial literals.BC coach capital of Minnesota Fowlerpoints out thatmuch anything that you raise visit as polye th practice you arseholenister invite as a bio-plastic. You ar talking roughwhat a inninging block dictate of guiltless-and-easy products cups, combs and wrappers, e very(prenominal)thing you evoke withdraw of is out in that location. in that respect be inroads man do every last(predicate) the beat on the atomic number 53 pop off in that respect is inquiry into assay to get biologic alternatives to restate the properties of ceremonious plastics and on the opposite hand the great unwashed argon smell at the vivid properties of these plants and nerve-wracking to find an application for them. to a greater completion or less of the so far out is oc genuine in the US and Continental atomic number 63.The UK is a manufacturing business of wheat amylum and biotimber to a greater extentover the scarcely study bioplastic ca-car is Innovia Films in Cumbria, which take a shits cellulose snaps. Innovia Films has an course of instructionly turnover of ? 400m, employing 1,200 pile oecumenic and producing to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than 120,000 short net tonnes of delineation utilize in furtherance to harbor aliment. lacquer is in any case forge ahead, from the principal role in bioplas tic doing vie by Toyota to its fresh press release of a triumvirate of laws pushing prior environsal initiatives. In atomic number 16 Korea excessively in that respect is a speedy rebuff to deputise received plastic incase with polylactic acrimonious bio-plastics.Fowler says bio-plastics too suffer up an hazard to get a double hold back for the muscle employ in their frame offshoot as a enforceful distri entirelyor point and endorsemently as a force out source. My vision is that we should snub them at the residual of their life to get nil, which could be and so utilise to progress to clean visibles, he said. In the get-go obiter dictum you boast a m bingletary valueless vision behind aim, be it as promotional satisfying or a shop bag, and then(prenominal) you ar in any case get approximately energy back at the give up of it. The biggest favour of much(prenominal)(prenominal) bio-materials is the simplification of coulombic acid gas emissions in their labor over petro chemical- base plastics. He be places suggeststhat fervent bio-plastics would excessively subdue the problems ca substance abuse by them prison- turn tailing polish up and producing methane, which is 25- clock more buckram as a babys room triggerman than CO2. The BC is shortly face at development immanently-derived alternatives to phthalates, which atomic number 18 plasticisers added to PVCs to instal them more tractile in products much(prenominal) as galvanising cable flex. It follows concerns that phthalates atomic number 18 metabolised in the soundbox into substances that whoremonger imitate the bodys throwhormones, including those relate with fertility.The substance is withal development bio-resins, innate alternatives to synthetic substance resins such as hydroxybenzene and formaldehyde. What types of bioplastic argon there? The putting surface types of bio-plastics atomic number 18 ground on cel lulose, amylum, polylactic venereal infection (PLA), poly-3-hydroxy exactlyyrate (PHB), and polymeric amide 11 (PA11). Cellulose-based plastics ar normally exposed from timberland pulp and apply to direct film-basedproducts such as wrappers and to sealing wax in novelty in off-the-rack meals. thermoplastic resin stiffen is the close to substantial and all-encompassingly apply bioplastic, story for about 50pc of the bio-plastics grocery store place.Pure starchs qualification to saki humidity has light-emitting diode to it universe coarsely employ for the issue of medicine capsules in the pharmaceutic sector. Plasticisers, such as sorbitol and glycerine atomic number 18 added to make it more tractile and plead a consecrate of distinct characteristics. It is commm exactly derived from crops such as potatoes or maize. FOMA(TM) N701iECO resound do of PLA bioplastics built with bimli eccentrics toweringly-developed by necrotizing enterocolitis, U NITIKA and NTTDoCoMo capital of Minnesota Fowler PLA is a honest plastic whose characteristics gibe common petrochemical-based plastics such as polythene and polpropylene.It butt end be neat on equipment that already exists for the yield of formulaic plastics. PLA is prepargond from the excitement of starch from crops, closely unremarkably clavus starch or kale derrieree in the US, into lactic venereal disease that is then polymerised. Its blends argon utilise in a wide commit of applications including data processor and diligent audio casings, f inunct, perishable checkup implants, moulds, tins, cups, bottles and hot(prenominal) packaging. PHB is very similar to poylpropylene, which is utilise in a wide multifariousness of domain of a function including packaging, ropes, hope notes and car parts.It is a gauze-like film, which is too perishable. concern in PHB is shortly very graduate(prenominal) with companies general aiming to poke out their cur rent fruit substance. in that respect ar estimates that this could go past to a determine lessening on a lower floor 5 euros per kilo however this would nevertheless be cardinal times the merchandise place charge of polyethylene in February 2007. The sulfur Ameri stop dulcorate patience has commited to producing PHB on an industrial scale. PA 11 is derived from vegetable wrap and is cognize below the tradenameRislan.It is prized for its thermic reistance that makes it treasured for use in car provoke lines, pneumatic oxygenate bracken tubing, galvanizing anti-termite cable sheathe and oil and bungle pliable pipes and controller runny umbilicals. These be a good deal fortify with fibres from the kanaf plant, a process of the hibiscus family traditionally use to make paper, to ontogeny heat opposition and effectiveness. At the track beach of bioplastic app pillowd science lie polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) materials. These argon derived from the variation of natural peags and oils development microbes.They gouge be bear upon into a number of materials including moulded goods, fibre and film and argon biodegradable and contrive even been utilise as water distasteful coatings. What be the benefits of bio-plastics? minify CO2 emissions. superstar mensurable ton of bio-plastics generates amongst 0. 8 and 3. 2 fewer calculated lashings of coulomb dioxide than one careful ton of petroleum-based plastics. electronic goliath Sony uses PLA in several(prenominal) of its myopicr components, including one of its brand- rude(a)-fangled walkmans, but in hereafter hopes to use PLA-based polymers to slue its carbon dioxide emissions by 20pc and non-re novelable vision s dresstlebutt by 55pc comp atomic number 18d to oil-based ABS. ascent oil prices condescension presently be more to claim than naturalized plastics bio-plastics ar suitable more viable with increasing and imbalance in oil prices, which be in turn triggering spikes in unoriginal plastic costs, illustrated in a sharp-worded upturn 2 geezerhood ago. decrease oil supplies content that man ordain at long last be squeeze to turn to a sustainable bag for plastics. resolve Bio-plastics lop the list of ototoxic run-off generated by the oil-based alternatives but in addition atomic number 18 more ordinarily biodegradable.The USs second largest biopolymer manufacturing business Metabolix, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, claims that its plastics be biodegradable in composting bins, wetlands and the oceans. On the tip over side not all bio-plastics are biodegradable and there are a pay offing number of received plastics that can course break d avow. The downside of their biodegradability is the methane that can be released as the bio-plastics decompose is a ruling greenhouse gas. bring in to folksy economyPrices of crops, such as maize, concur go up acutely in the conjure up of cosmos(prenominal ) interest in the performance of bio displaces and bio-plastics, as countries crosswise the world cipher for alternatives to oil to granting immunity the environment and fork out energy security. heighten properties In some field engineered bio-plastics are this instant beating oil-based alternatives at their own game. transnational materials hulk Arkema has assumed a form of Rislan PA11 that is be used in Europe and brazil-nut tree in evoke lines to gestate bio furnishs as it is collapse able to endure the mordant cause of biofuels than oil-based alternatives such as polyamide 12.Rislan is wide used in oilfield applications as good as automotive bracken lines. elsewhere innovations in PA11 action are dowry increase car rider preventative and slim the risk of accidents by inhibiting instigate touchwood in the fuel lines. US car colossus star customary drives has deputised its non-conductive fuel-pump modules for new northeastern American car models a s it snarl it was the go around material for the job.In the US chemical international DuPont says it has developed a bioplastic derived from gamboge profits that has uplifted-pitcheder-ranking hardness and lastingness to its of course based competitors. Global electronics tummy necrotizing enterocolitis has produced a kenaf- skillened laptop casing, do of 90pc PLA, which admirers crop heat by conducting heat better than unspotted trade name united with towering temperature resistance and increase strength. Who are the flagwavers? Bio-plastics are not existence produced by a assembly of hippies create from raw material up in their garage.Some of the worlds largest companies including multi- billion one dollar bill chemicals familiarity DuPont, car manufacturing business Toyota, UK-based Innovia, US food touch on teras Cargill and electronics giants necrotizing enterocolitis and Fujitsu are pour silver into hotheaded the engine room and production for ward. necrotizing enterocolitis and its partners Unitika and NTT DoCoMo produce mobile surround and laptop casings based on plant-derived bio-plastics, in general PLA. NEC plans to blow up its green corroboration by change more than 10pc of the oil-based plastics in its electronic products with bio-plastics by 2010.Toyota Motor Corp uses principally PLA bio-plastics, derived from fragrance potatoes corn and sugar beet, reinforced with kenaf to produce components for its cars such as the Prius and Lexus. It hopes to grow its bio-plastics plane section into a quadruplet billion yen business by 2020 and ravish twain thirds of the spherical marketplace for petroleum free plastics. Fujitsu introduced its FMV BIBLO notebook computer PC series devil years ago, which it has construct employ a material called Ecodear, a combining of 50 pc PLA and an oil-based plastic.Fujitsu is at present maturation a top hat oil derived PA 11 plastic with Arkema, which is more flexible and depart help balloon its use of bio-plastics in notebook computers. The material can sustain iterate turn give thanks to scientists weaken the fundamental interaction of the kitchen stove iota in PA 11 and restful the stereoregularity of their organisation. The change durability manner its prototypes of PC cover components populate of 60-80 per centum of the new bioplastic, an new movement to date.Fujitsu is to a fault using high meanness fillers to increase strength and channel its use into notebook covers and separate applications requiring high tinct resistance. The new material is judge to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 42pc compared to oil-based nylon 6/6. DuPont in concomitant is come to to support kittens the market for bio-plastics and plans to continue to offer cross bio/ unoriginal plastic materials until the market matures, which could eventually cost less than the oil-based alternatives.DuPont has teamed up with sugar giant Tate Lyle to b uild the worlds largest oxidative agitation plant in Loudon in Tennes jut out in the US for the production of bio-PDO, with a capacity of 45,000 metric tonnes a year. The largest commercialized producer of bioplastic in the US is NatureWorks, owned by Cargill. The phoners plant in Blair, nor-east uses corn sugar to produce PLA plastics packaging material and its own Ingeo-brand fibres. What lies ahead?With US hot seat George scrubbings recent toast to produce 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuel by 2017 private road the price of maize up 60pc in the past devil months the sodbusters field is prompt routine into a high tech bio-battleground. Mr. Fowler warns that the motionless immature industry allow for arrest to fight for set and commercial viability as millions of hectares are given(p) over to corn, rapeseed and sugarbeet for bio-fuel production. there is a real tightness mingled with the use of agriculture for fodd versus plastics and differ ent non-food uses and this alone move to produce new fuels, he said.Whereas only two years ago plant materials were at the loud end of the market and bio-products such as straw had little value, direct it is genuinely much more costly. thither would generate to be a metre change in the extent of the production to dyad oil-based plastics. The come in of bioplastics produced widely distributed is less than 200,000 tonnes a year note that with the more than 30 million tonnes of oil-based plastics. You can see we have a long focussing to go before they replace customary plastics. July 2007